Thursday, August 27, 2020
verizon center :: essays research papers
Building offices like the Verizon Wireless field and other enormous donning and exceptional occasion scenes can be expensive. The expense of the Verizon Wireless Arena cost generally $60 million dollars to form. Numerous components go into this settled $60 million dollar office, for example, the expense per square foot, the expense per An and B space, and operational expenses. To make sense of how much cash goes into the field, it is essential to monitor how much salary is produced and what types of advertising and raising support are done to advance and make benefit for the office. The Verizon Wireless field has 230,000 sq. feet, which makes the expense of the office, $260.87 per square foot. There is a tremendous measure of expenses related with the activity of the field, for instance: The furnishings, apparatuses, and gear buys everything from the lawn seats, tables, b-ball court, hand devices in the shop, office PCs, Zambonis and the scoreboard are only a portion of the things off a rundown that is seven pages in length in little print. Other overhead expenses incorporate water, sewerage, power, telephone administration, web get to, gaseous petrol, satellite TV, staff pay rates, and advantage bundles. So as to upkeep all the gear and innovation the office has every day operational expenses, these include: work and materials to fix harm, redesigning of current frameworks, keep up legislative hall hardware and perform deterrent support. Moreover, every occasion inside itself has its own related costs, for example, work and material that are mentioned by the oc casion that are utilized only for the occasion, for instance: propane gases for pyro embellishments, business hardware the show needs that we lease locally (copiers, fax machines, and so on.), work to change over the office from hockey to show mode, occasion housekeeping, occasion staff (security, ushers, directors, ticket takers, and so forth.). So as to remain in business an office must make a lot of salary to prosper in its industry. There are numerous types of approaching benefits from numerous parts of the field. The most significant structure is Patron created deals: tickets, premium seat bundles these bundles are VIP suites, party suites and club seating. Food and Beverage help to keep the clients fulfilled while being engaged by occasions and is a major cash producer. Product is sold at every occasion and the field even has its own store for Monarch hockey gear and the football field group the Wolves sell keepsakes too.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Women in Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice Essay
Ladies in Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice - Essay Example Without a doubt, Shakespeare is the most popular and notable dramatist of the English language and Merchant of Venice is one of his most performed plays despite the fact that the focal point of the play is regularly the character of Shylock, the character of Portia remains very significant since she speaks to the most noteworthy qualities that Christian uprightness could engage during the occasions. As such, the female characters become fundamentally more significant than their male partners who may show shortcoming and even a pessimist disposition (Sanders, 1968). Portia eclipses the men in the play especially with respect to temperance since she stays devoted to the sets of her dead dad despite the fact that her heart advises her to do something else. She is supernaturally compensated when the man she adores settles on the correct decision as to the lead, silver and gold boxes. In the same way as other Shakespearean ladies, Portia turns into a significant character regardless of the nearness of other solid characters, for example, Anotnio and Shylock. Despite the fact that the situation of ladies in shakespeareââ¬â¢s times was not one which could have made this a practical play, the methodology taken by Shakespeare unquestionably makes Portia the most grounded character. Strangely, Shakespeare was inhabiting when the most remarkable ruler in Europe was a woman who established the British Empire as it came to fruition for quite a long time to come. While the Christian doctrine at the time may have seen ladies to be flighty, delicate and powerless, a ruler as a lady implied that the characteristics of Portia were totally normal since she surely shows royal temperances of insight and leniency. There is positively some social false reverence in this circumstance since ladies had little rights in the public eye at that point and even Portia was not the special lady of her own fate, yet she spares Antonio and even ââ¬Ëforgivesââ¬â¢ Shylock after she has won her case. Portia articulately portrays the characteristics of kindness which is a Christian perfect and is something saints would show to their
Friday, August 21, 2020
How to Choose the Best Term Paper Writer
How to Choose the Best Term Paper WriterThere are a lot of great programs out there on how to choose the best term paper writer. However, the majority of us just opt for the one that looks the best on paper. It is pretty common knowledge that we tend to get what we pay for in this business.A lot of times, we are not very good at choosing the top-notch writer for the job, so we have to start making some changes in our approach. The first thing that you need to do is start doing a little bit of research on the writer's track record. This will give you a good idea about the type of paper that you will be writing and the quality of service that they will provide.The next thing that you need to do is find out about their availability, especially if you have a deadline to meet. When you already have the writer in your employ, then you can continue to work with them for as long as you need to. Of course, it is not advisable to ask for revisions all the time, but there are instances when thi s has to be done.If you don't have much time, then you should make use of the Internet to look for a bad term paper writer. There are websites where you can post your term paper and get reviews or feedback from people that have used these writers before. This way, you won't be left with any regrets after the project is done.You should also do some background research on the writer before actually hiring them. You can get some information from the site that you will be using to post your term paper. This will give you a better idea about the writer's professionalism and as well as their level of skill.Most of the writers that you will be hiring will have a website and if they don't have one, you can always get a small fee for them to create one for you. Another method that you can try is getting an article sample from the writer's website and copying it in your own words. This way, you are able to see if they are able to capture the essence of the subject in the paper.Some writers wi ll also ask for a short statement to accompany the paper. This is a great way to catch the attention of the audience. If you have prepared a short statement, you should write down some points that you think the reader will be interested in.So in conclusion, you can take some time to find the best term paper writer. You can also take advantage of the internet to get reviews of these writers. This way, you are not forced to hire the first one that you come across and can instead choose to try out a few writers and get some good references from them.
Monday, May 25, 2020
Sociology and Other Sciences - 7090 Words
SOCIOLOGY AND OTHER SCIENCES Sociology deals with society [people];how people interact, their culture, norms, values just like other social sciences like psychology, economics, psychology which also deal with people and how they behave, their mental processes. There is also a relationship between sociology and economics which is another social science. economics deals with the production of goods and services and how they are distributed to people just like sociology which also consider how the goods are distributed to members of the society. The answer sciences related to sociology are social sciences. Social science are sciences which deal with people and have the following characteristics; observable, measurable, practical, factual.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Whether a person leaves a society does not change anything to the fact that this society will still contain suicides. Sociologys task thus consists of discovering the qualities and characteristics of such social facts, which can be discovered through a quantitative or experimental approach (Durkheim extensively relied on statistics). One can thus argue that Durkheim defended a form of sociological positivism.[7] Method and objectivity In his Rules of the Sociological Method (1895), Durkheim expressed his will to establish a method which would guarantee sociologys truly scientific character. One of the questions raised by the author concerns the objectivity of the sociologist: how may one study an object which, from the very beginning, conditions and relates to the observer? According to Durkheim, observation must be as impartial and impersonal as possible, even though a perfectly objective observation in this sense may never be attained. Sociology should therefore privilege comparison rather than the study of singular independent facts. Consequently, a social fact must always be studied according to its relation with other social facts, never according to the individual who studies it. Sociological studies Education Durkheim was also interested in education. Partially this was because he was professionally employed to trainShow MoreRelatedSociology and its relation with other social sciences2367 Words à |à 10 PagesApplication of Social Sciences in Human Life Social Sciences concern peopleââ¬â¢s relationship and interactions with one another. Sociology can be defined as the science that deals with human relationship. It is the study of how human beings relate with each other, how each individual relationship has been influenced by other people and patterns which are formed out of their interactive relationships. Sociology emphasizes group relationships and total social environment. Sociology studies human behaviourRead MoreSociology and The Natural Sciences Essay1067 Words à |à 5 PagesSociology is the study of society as well as the pursuit of knowledge regarding human social activities however, the entityââ¬â¢s legitimacy as a science is a concept worth discussion. Although sociology is different at face value than the natural sciences, the two possess fundamental similarities by which problems are recognized and explained. With the explanation of why sociology is a science, the next step would be to specify what type of scienc e sociology is and how it relates to the natural sciencesRead MoreEssay Positivists 1421 Words à |à 6 Pagesï » ¿Positivists believe that we can gain true and objective knowledge of reality by applying methods of natural sciences in sociology . For them, reality exists independently of the human mind and nature is made up of objective, observable, physical facts that are external to our minds. They believe that like matter, humans are directed by an external stimuli-the society-and they act accordingly (example: functionalism, Marxism). By analyzing quantitative data, positivists simply seek to discover lawsRead MoreSociology : Social Science And Sociology1386 Words à |à 6 Pagesto the history of sociology, it was the nineteenth century that sociology emerged, with the word ââ¬Ë sociology ââ¬â¢ appeared in the Cours de philosophie Positive Book 4[ Auguste Comte,1838 Cours de philosophie Positive] by Comte in 1838. The social forces, however, were complicated actually, w hich included both social, economical, cultural and even a little bit of political or religious elements. This essay explains these factors in the following part. 2.1 Social Science and Sociology The philosophesRead MoreSociology : How Human Action And Consciousness Shape The Surrounding Of Cultural And Social Culture1734 Words à |à 7 PagesZygmunt Bauman once said, ââ¬Å"The task for sociology is to come to the help of the individual. We have to be in service of freedom. It is something we have lost sight of.â⬠This quote means the main purpose of sociology is to help people with our freedom of service, because it is something we as people lost sight of. Sociology can be defined by Dictionary.com, as the science or study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relationsRead MoreSociology: The Study of Humanity Essay1480 Words à |à 6 PagesHowever new you are to sociology it is probable that you have an idea, however vague and general, regarding what sociology is supposed to be about. It may be that you have an idea that sociology is about people. And you would be right to think so. We might start then by noting that sociology is one of the human sciences and as such it is a subject to be distinguished from the so-called physical sciences. Sociology is the study of humanity. However this description of sociology is only partiallyRead MoreSociology as a Science Essay1149 Words à |à 5 Pages Sociology emerged in the eighteenth century after a period of intense cultural, social and economic changes. As people began to try to understand these changes, there came a period called the Enlightenment. This is also considered by Hamilton (1992) to be a ââ¬Å"time characterised by the development of distinctively modern forms of thought about society and the realm of the social.â⬠The Enlightenment encouraged a new way of thinking marked by application of reason, experienceRead MoreIs Sociology a Science1655 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"The study of sociology cannot and should not be seen as scientificâ⬠To what extent do sociological arguments and evidence support this view? (33 marks) The debate about whether sociology can be represented as a science has existed for many years. Comte; who first used the word sociology argued that sociology should be based on the methodology of the natural sciences. He argues that the application of natural science methodology to the study of society would produce a ââ¬Ëpositive science of societyââ¬â¢Read Morefactors that contributed to the rise and development of sociology1511 Words à |à 7 Pagescontributed to the rise of sociology and the latter`s development. In simply terms, sociology is the scientific study of the society and human behavior. The emergence of sociology traces back to the eighteenth century up to present day. Johnson (1998) suggests that in summary, the rise and development of sociology is based on political, economic, demographic, social and scientific changes. Ritzer (2008) asserts that the immediate cause for the beginning of sociology were political unrests especiallyRead MoreAsdfghjkl894 Words à |à 4 PagesSociology Research Area * * Aging and the Life Course * Alcohol and Substance Abuse * Asia amp; Asian America * Collective Behavior and Social Movements * Community and Urban Sociology * Comparative and Historical Sociology * Sociology and Computers * Crime, Law amp; Deviance * Economic Sociology * Environment amp; Technology * Family amp; Marriage * History of Sociology * International Migration * Latino/a
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Descriptive Essay About Cooking - 1717 Words
Cooking has been my passion since I was a very small child. I remember being too small to really be in the kitchen, around five or so and looking into the kitchen from the doorway and looking out at all of the hustle and bustle, my mother and Yaya happily shouting orders in rapid Greek to the other women who were my aunts and other cousins. I watched them work together to create my favorite things in my small world. This kitchen in this cozy house on a hill was our heartbeat as a family. It was our safe haven. I didnââ¬â¢t realize it then, but few things will ever mean as much to me as creating food in that kitchen. I remember watching as sticky sweet syrup was poured over layers of crisp phyllo that I knew would we the best thing I wouldâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦I learned patience, and nothing is harder to kids than waiting to eat cake. I leaned the hash feeling of failure and the incredible feeling of victory that creating gives you. I also learned responsibility that chores can provide. I am so grateful for the lesson my mother and Yaya taught me every day. But out every early sweet or savory dish, I have ever loved Souvlaki or kabobs the best. They were my version of chicken nuggets. I ate them directly for the stick it was on, in a pita, or next to French fries. I loved them and that is what this book is devoted to. I believe that there is a kabob for everyone and certainly I have never found one that I didnââ¬â¢t like. This book will be filled with great kabob recipes and sauces as well as other delicious sides to complete your meal in a stunningly delicious fashion. I want to share with your some of that warm and fuzzy feeling, some of those lessons, and a bit of the happiness that defined my childhood and life as a whole. With these recipes, you will be transported to my kitchen. Welcome, Itââ¬â¢s Great to See You! A Brief History of the Kabob The phrase kebab means ââ¬Å"skewered meatâ⬠in Greek, however, the more common name for kabob is Souvlaki, meaning skewers. For simplicityââ¬â¢s sake, I will be referring to them as kabobs in this book. This is essentially the only rule for which Kabobs are held to, they should be meatShow MoreRelatedIs Cooking Really Freedom in Jim Sollischââ¬â¢s Article,751 Words à |à 3 PagesIs Cooking Really Freedom? According to Jim Sollischââ¬â¢s article, cooking is an outlet of expression and is not limited to one gender (Sollisch, ââ¬Å"Cooking Is Freedomâ⬠). Sollisch communicates of how his newfound interest and love of cooking came out of an act of rebellion to allow the enrollment of boys in Home Economics classes (Sollisch, ââ¬Å"Cooking Is Freedomâ⬠). He effectively uses an informal tone and an abundance of short, simple sentences appropriate for his audiences of NY Times and blog post readersRead MoreThe Freedom in Cooking923 Words à |à 4 PagesAccording to Jim Sollischââ¬â¢s article, cooking is an outlet of expression and is not limited to one gender (Sollisch, ââ¬Å"Cooking Is Freedomâ⬠). Sollisch communicates of how his newfound interest and love of cooking came out of an act of rebellion to allow the enrollment of boys in Home Economics classes (Sollisch, ââ¬Å"Cooking Is Freedomâ⬠). He effectively uses an informal tone and an abundance of short, s imple sentences appropriate for his audiences of New York Times and blog post readers. His copious amountsRead MoreCompare and Contrast Essay866 Words à |à 4 Pagesï » ¿ Compare and Contrast: ââ¬Å"Fish Cheeksâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Caged Birdâ⬠Rachael Becker Assignment 5 Nicoleà Yurchak 1/30/2014 The differences between a narrative and a descriptive essay determine the way in which the reader receives the story. The purpose of each is still very clear, to connect to the reader using story telling. In order for the reader to receive the story as intended, the author must create a clear picture of;Read MoreNarrative Essay1444 Words à |à 6 PagesNarrative Essays: To Tell a Story There are four types of essays: Exposition - gives information about various topics to the reader. Description - describes in detail characteristics and traits. Argument - convinces the reader by demonstrating the truth or falsity of a topic. Narrative - tells a story, usually from one personââ¬â¢s viewpoint. A narrative essay uses all the story elements - a beginning and ending, plot, characters, setting and climax - all coming together to complete theRead MoreSexism Is Prolonged Cruel, Or Unjust Treatment?1430 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe form of cooking and cleaning and nothing more. I believe that this is due to the fact that we live in a patriarchal society where men are not only viewed as the ââ¬Å"betterâ⬠sex but they are also treated as such. With my interest in how sexism affects female college students I came across an article called, ââ¬Å"What It Means To Be a Woman:â⬠Ambivalent Sexism in Female College Studentsââ¬â¢ Experiences and Attitudes by Alice Fields, Suzanne Swan and Bret Kloos. In this article, it is about a study thatRead MoreEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights Essay983 Words à |à 4 Pagesassociation with evil and darkness makes him appear evil even though we have some sympathy for him. 2. Show an understanding of why point of view is a crucial technique to understand in this work. Include an awareness of the ideas in the Carol Jacobs essay Wuthering Heights: At the Threshold of Interpretation. Point of view is an important aspect of every novel. It can be argued that point of view in Wuthering Heights affects the entire story. The novel is told primarily through two narratorsRead MoreA Mothers Touch1267 Words à |à 6 Pageshusband wasnââ¬â¢t exactly a role model step-father to the children of his wife. He attempted raping my mother several times but she managed to escape from being a victim. Hard life has shaped her into an independent woman where household tasks such as cooking, sewing, weaving, and so forth were self-taught. She had no other better option, but to force herself to mature attitude and character wise at such a young age. I would miss her presence whenever I recall the familiar sweet aroma coming from theRead MoreCultural Awareness. In This Paper, The Socio ââ¬â Cultural1256 Words à |à 6 Pagesto that specific group or society or nation. On the other hand, Sivakumar and Nakata (2001, p. 559) indicate that ââ¬Å"within any nation-state there is a modal set of values. Other values may co-exist, but one set is more common and thus broadly descriptive of the society as whole. This value set constitutes a countryââ¬â¢s national culture.â⬠Hence, despite the heterogeneous nature of individuals in a group, there is a common set of traits and values that influence their behavior as a group. HoweverRead MoreThe s Birthday Party. Jason And Kate s Wedding1327 Words à |à 6 PagesDoing laundry. Cooking dinner. Kayleeââ¬â¢s birthday party. Jason and Kateââ¬â¢s wedding. What do all these events have in common? A time, date and location in daily life. All of the tasks mentioned are given time slots listed in wall calendars and pocket-sized planners. These times and dates have been set in stone well in advance to avoid future date conflicts. The one event that can not be planned is death. Death can not be rescheduled due to inclement weather. It does not discriminate. Everyone, regardlessRead MoreAnalysis Of Meanings And Concepts Of Culture Essay1422 Words à |à 6 PagesThe analysis of meanings and concepts of culture The objective of this essay is to present and analyse the main definitions of the word culture through different social and historical processes, starting from the ancient times to the most modern times. Starting from the etymology of the word, the term culture derives from the latin word colà ¨re, that means to farm the land, and only after, this meaning was extended to the term cultus, that stands for a literate man, and there is a connection
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
American Foreign Policy Toward Defense From Asian Threats
American foreign policy has begun to tilt towards defense from Asian threats. According to Andrew F. Krepinevich Jr., the navy and the air force desire for the majority of their services to be located in the Asia-Pacific region by 2020. The military desires these modifications in order to control Chinaââ¬â¢s aggressive behavior. In the article ââ¬Å"How to Deter Chinaâ⬠by Andrew F. Krepinevich Jr., he suggests that these changes, along with others, to boost American military are necessary in order to maintain Asian-Pacific peace. However, in order to confirm or deny his accusations, other theories must first be analyzed. Ikenberryââ¬â¢s institutional approach will be analyzed and compared to Krepinevichââ¬â¢s deterrence theory. The historic relationship between the United States and China is labeled as complicated. America first became interested in the Chinese for economic incentives because Americans could no longer rely on Britain after the American War for Independence. By the late 19th century, many American churches had visited China spread their religion. Furthermore, many Chinese had migrated to America to gain wealth during the California Gold Rush. The political, religious, and commercial networks continued for many centuries. The United States continued to support China with the ââ¬Å"Open Doorâ⬠policy and sending it significant aid during wars. After the Peopleââ¬â¢s Republic of China (PRC) was founded in 1949, Sino-American tension began to sharply intensify. America fought the warShow MoreRelated North Korea And The New Administration Essays971 Words à |à 4 Pagesand ballistic missiles. Especially, the nuclear threat of the ambiguous North Koreans, which have the capabilities o f striking South Korea, Japan, and the Continental United States. Last year the U.S. came close to reaching an agreement that would have ended its development and export of ballistic missiles and related technologies under the Clinton Administration. But time ran out before an agreement could be finalized. Talks have recently resumed from a visit by President Kim Dae Jung of South KoreaRead MoreThe Rise Of Chin China1562 Words à |à 7 Pagesachievement, domestically China achieved a major change by raising 500 million of its people out of extreme poverty and we can say that China attained a major economic power within the span of three decades. It became the worldââ¬â¢s largest holder of foreign exchange reserves, manufacturer, and the largest merchandise exporter. Chinaââ¬â¢s remarkable economic growth for the last two decades can even go beyond the United Statesââ¬â¢ size of gross domestic product (GDP) as well as inflict significant politicalRead MoreInternational Relations: Japanââ¬â¢s Engagement with China, 1990-20103146 Words à |à 13 PagesIntroduction The study of international relations rests on the premise that there is always a sensible way of explaining a nationââ¬â¢s grand strategy, for they would not survive otherwise. From the Classical Period to the Middle Ages, from the Renaissance to the twenty-first century, historians, statesman, and political theorists have attempted to provide reason and understanding behind the decisions made by nation-states. More often than not, whether through realism or liberalism, through social constructivismRead MoreContainment: The American Way1372 Words à |à 6 Pagesfirst appears with the Truman Doctrine, which set the precedent for America to assist anti-communist regimes around the world. After World War II and up until the early 1990ââ¬â¢s the foreign policy of the United States was based on the policy of the containment of Cold War ideology and to prevent nations from turning towards Soviet-based communism. The fear of communism first emerged after the First Red Scare in the 1920s. The fear of extreme ideologies that emerged in European countries duringRead MoreJapanese Military Essay1096 Words à |à 5 PagesJapan has been at a crossroads regarding its defense policies ever since the instatement of Article 9 into its constitution following World War II. Article 9 essentially states that the country may not rearm itself for any reason due to its violently imperialistic nature preceding that war. Even while it was being written, there was heavy debate among American and Japanese politicians alike as to whether or not the article may ever be revoked. Could Japan truly remain a pacifist nation? Would itRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article 9 Of The Japanese Constitution 2725 Words à |à 11 Pagesthe Japanese Constitution is today a contentious issue within Japanese society as well as in the global context. Through the reinterpretation, the Japan Self Defense Forces (JSDF) were for the firs t time authorized to engage in acts of collective self-defense. As elaborated below, this occurred as a natural response to an evolving foreign policy status quo. This paper provides a cursory overview of the post-WWII history of Japan and posits that the confluence of the rise of previously benign China alongRead MoreHarry S. Trum President Of The United States After The Cold War1025 Words à |à 5 Pageseight years in office he came across with massive challenges in both foreign and domestic affairs. Trumanââ¬â¢s approaches toward the Soviet Union in the Cold War, and overseas became a major way of leading foreign policy in America for generations. At home, Truman protected and reinforced the New Deal reforms of his predecessor, guided the American economy from a war-time to a peace-time footing, and advanced the cause of African-American civil rights. Harry Truman, son of John Anderson Truman and MarthaRead MoreThe After World War I1174 Words à |à 5 Pagesaway from international affairs after World War One, this making them an isolationist nation. Isolationism is the policy of remaining apart from affairs and otr interests of other groups, political affairs of other countries. After World War One the U.S tried to reduce their appearance in world affairs. The U.S refused to join the League of Nations. Even though the American president at the time, Woodrow Wilson, thought they should join in world affairs to try and create peace, the Americans feltRead MoreThe Nonthreatening Rise of China Essay1966 Words à |à 8 Pagesrising from 32nd in 1978 to 10th in 1997.â⬠Similarly, Chinaââ¬â¢s GDP is also second to the United States of America, generating 13 percent of the worldââ¬â¢s output (Dellios). Since Chinaââ¬â¢s introduction into the World Trade Organization in December 2001, its average tariff dropped from 41 percent in 1992 to 6 percent in 2001, becoming one of the most open economies in the world (Dellios). China is also the worldââ¬â¢s fastest developing economy, obtaining an annual growth of 9.5 percent through foreign directRead MoreChina s Recent Assertions Of Military Power During The South China Sea1459 Words à |à 6 PagesChin aââ¬â¢s recent assertions of military power in the South China Sea is a serious threat to U.S. National Security, and will remain so if China is not confronted or restricted. In recent years, China has increased military spending, weapons, and is now building artificial islands on highly disputed territory in the South China Sea to expand territorial claims. Since the world is anarchic, conflict is always a possibility between States that the U.S. must be aware of and prepared for. In regard to U
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
The Correct Methodology of Selecting CEOs free essay sample
The Correct Methodology of Selecting CEOs Abstract Selecting the correct methodology for recruiting your next chief executive officer is undoubtedly one of the most difficult decisions that a board of directors will ever have to make. Horse races, promotion contests, and the extensive use of executive search firms have proven to be the most common forms of selecting companyââ¬â¢s top executives. The fight to hold to the title of CEO between internal and external candidates is cut-throat and in most cases, a popularity contest based on reputation alone. Selecting the proper method of recruitment helps companies to eliminate these battles and pick the top candidate based on their qualifications such as their credentials, experience, background, education, and personal references. Keywords: selecting CEOs, horse race, promotion contest, executive search firm The Correct Methodology of Selecting CEOs A chief executive officer is the highest ranking corporate officer of an organization and is responsible for the overall management and success of their company. We will write a custom essay sample on The Correct Methodology of Selecting CEOs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A CEO is the face of their organization and is generally the person responsible for leading the company, managing the employees, communicating to the public and stakeholders, as well as acting as the primary decision maker for the company. The chief executive officer generally answers to a board of directors which is a group of men and women who are elected by the shareholders of a company to govern the company and oversee all of its major decisions. Each year, 10%-15% of major corporations in the United States change their chief executive officers with the majority of these companies selecting their candidates from an outside organization (Chung, 1987). A change in CEO leadership for a company can be caused for a variety of reasons, but most likely will be due to retirement, transferring to another company, or not meeting performance expectations (Southerland Mackey-Ross, 2006). In most cases a CEO succession plan has been put into place long before the current CEO leaves a company, but in some instances, quick decisions must be made by the board and the results of that one decision can immediately affect the company at stake. According to Southerland and Mackey-Ross (2006), a thorough search for a new CEO can take anywhere from four to six months from the beginning of the search through the final negotiations with the selected applicants. Whether the company chooses to promote from within or search for an outside candidate, following a defined process will help to ensure a successful outcome. The decision to hire, fire, and select and new chief executive officer for a company is undoubtedly one of the most difficult tasks that a board will ever have to face and selecting the correct methodology for this decision is crucial to the success of their organization. Horse Race Approach When it comes to the leadership selection process, some companies choose to conduct a ââ¬Å"horse race,â⬠which is a leadership succession that takes place over a specific time frame between at least two internal or external candidates (Citrin, 2009). These candidates are directly competing with one another through a series of interviews to determine which of them will be chosen as the companyââ¬â¢s new CEO. According to Citrin (2009), if there is an internal candidate as well as an external candidate, the competition for the CEO position is no longer considered a horse race. A horse race usually takes place over a six to twelve month time period once the board of directors hears that the CEO position will be vacated within specific time frame. During this allotted time frame, the selected candidates will undergo a rigorous application process consisting of multiple interviews by the board, in depth reference checks, and various scenarios in which the candidate must make quick business decisions. Horse races between external candidates are more likely to occur than horse races between internal candidates because the boards of most companies believe that although insiders have more knowledge about a specific company, external candidates will be more likely to alter existing practices and help create more efficient strategies to alleviate existing problems (Chung, 1987). If the horse race is taking place internally, most boards still choose to search outside of the company for qualified candidates to fill the leadership position (Citrin, 2009). This allows the board to assess how well its internal employees are matching up against external applicants. Horse races can also turn into popularity contests, in which the stakeholders and board members will exercise their stakeholder power (Lawrence Weber, 2008). This stakeholder power gives the board members and stakeholders the ability to use resources to make an event happen and secure the outcome that they see fit.
Tuesday, April 7, 2020
California Essays - Central Valley Project, , Term Papers
California California was the 31st state, which received it's statehood on Sept. 9, 1850 , and nickname is ?the Golden State.? The bird is the California Valley Quail; the flower is the golden poppy; the tree is the California Redwood; and the state motto is ?Eureka (I have Found It). There are many sights to see in the state of California. Besides all the big metropolitan cities, there is the Golden Gate Bridge, Chinatown, and Fisherman's Wharf in San Francisco. Also there is the San Diego Zoo, Sea World, Yosemite and Sequoia National Park, and any of the mountains in the northern part of the state. In addition to that, you can see Disneyland and the countless numbers of television and movie studios in Hollywood. Another hotspot is the beautiful Lake Tahoe, which borders Nevada. California is the most populated state and is the most dense , of the fifty states, at an average of 151 persons per square-mile. The majority of California's persons are white, but there is a notable number of blacks, Hispanics, and Japanese & Chinese Americans. About 95% of it's population is metropolitan, or urban, so about 5% is rural. Pretty much all of the rural population is ranches or farmers. California is very rich in minerals. They include crude petroleum, natural gas, boron, tungsten, sand and gravel, asbestos, copper, feldspar, iron ore, mercury, potash, rock salt, soda ash, sulfur, uranium, zinc, and gold. On Jan. 24, 1848, gold was found at Sutter's Mill. The news of the find spread quickly. Before long, the Gold Rush was under way, bringing thousands of ?forty-niners? to stake their claims in northern California. Gold production peaked in 1852 but from there on, declined rapidly. Manufacturing brought in an estimated $40.5 billion a year in the mid-'70s. A large amount of it comes from fruits & vegetables, processed meat, canned fish, and beverages like wine and fruit juice. Most of the above come from or near the world-famous Napa Valley. Other goods made in California are steel, textiles and clothing, refined petroleum, metal, wood, plastics, chemicals, and printed materials. California's climate varies in different regions because of the great changes in topography and wide latitudinal range. Most parts of the state has two distinct seasons. A rainy, which lasts from October to April, and a dry period, May to September. Annual precipitation is greatest in the north, especially near the Pacific Coast, which gets around 80 in. dumped on them, while Los Angeles gets 15 in. and San Diego gets only 10 in. The desert gets even less precipitation. Temperatures along the coast are mild with small variations between the warmest and coolest months. The average recorded temperatures in January range from 50 F in San Francisco, 56 F in Los Angeles, and the July temps are 72 F for Los Angeles, and a very comfortable 59 F in San Francisco. The Central Valley usually has a mild climate, but other parts of the area are either hotter like Death Valley and the Mojave Desert, or colder like the peaks of the Sierra Nevada. Earthquakes are quite common in California. An earthquake is the sudden shaking of the ground that occurs when masses of rock change position below the Earth's surface. Earthquakes, called tremblors by scientists, happen almost continuously. Fortunately, big earthquakes can be monitored by sensitive instruments called seismographs. Others that are felt are just small tremors or aftershocks. Earthquakes can be great destructers which produce such tragic effects as destroyed cities, broken dams, mud slides, tsunamis, and volcano eruptions. A very large earthquake usually rises at least once every year in some part of the world. All of California's earthquakes are from the San Andreas Fault, which is a major fracture in the Earth's crust at the mutual boundary of two of the major plates that make up the Earth's crust. The fault is about 50 miles inland of the California coast from southern California north to San Francisco, where it continues out 200 more miles before heading out to sea. A famous earthquake in San Francisco was in 1906. There were 700 deaths, many injured and it jumped up to 8.3 out of 10 on the Richter Magnitude Scale. In 1989, during the World Series which saw the Oakland Athletics -vs.- San Francisco Giants game interrupted by an earthquake of 7.1 on the Richter Scale, and 70 deaths. Sacramento is the capital city of California. It is the marketing and manufacturing center for the northern part of the great Central Valley. This rich agricultural valley is watered by the Sacramento River. To the East of the city rises then
Monday, March 9, 2020
Catholic Relief Service essays
Catholic Relief Service essays Catholic Relief Service in Afghanistan The Catholic Relief Service (CRS) is an agency created by the catholic community, funded by the US government and donations, to help communities that are in need. In order to better understand the CRS, there has to be an understanding of what is CRS, what programs CRS offers, what programs CRS is offering to Afghanistan, and are those programs effective. Catholic Relief Services was founded in 1943 by the Catholic Bishops of the United States to assist the poor and disadvantaged outside the country. The fundamental motivating force in all activities of CRS is the Gospel of Jesus Christ as it pertains to the alleviation of human suffering, the development of people and the fostering of charity and justice in the world. CRS provides direct aid to the poor, and involves people in their own development, helping them to realize their potential. And CRS educates the people of the United States to fulfill their moral responsibilities toward our brothers and sisters around the world by helping the poor, working to remove the causes of poverty, and promoting social justice.(1) The programs that CRS offer to communities are very vast, but have a narrow goal. The programs help the community get back on there feet and become self-sufficient. Some of the programs that CRS offer are: agriculture and environmental programs, health programs, education programs, emergency response and transition programs, HIV/AIDS programs, microfinance, peace building programs, and safety net programs. These programs help the needy communities to reestablish itself and become self-sufficient. The agriculture and environmental programs provide the community with tools and seed to plant crops and harvest them. The health programs provide necessary health care to children and adults to improve health among the community. The education programs focus on access and equity, quality education, and community par ...
Friday, February 21, 2020
What Is the Impact of the Media On the Body Image of Girls 16-20 Essay
What Is the Impact of the Media On the Body Image of Girls 16-20 - Essay Example The research has shown that media has a very high impact on the body image of young girls. The influence is so high that they often ending up aspiring to have such bodies and in the process, cause significant damage to their physical and mental well being. Body dissatisfaction can result in a very wide range of unhealthy behaviours. Any factor, such as idealized media images, that proves to be a factor of body dissatisfaction has an influence on the well-being. The notion is deeply imbibed and almost becomes a subconscious conditioning due to the wide exposure to mass media. Hence, it becomes very difficult to move them towards the direction of body satisfaction. The author says that many young girls are not fully aware of the artificiality of the images projected on the media. This leads to desperate attempts and disappointment at failed attempts, until it becomes a vicious cycle. The level of vulnerability as well as immaturity often becomes key factors in deciding the level of impact that each individual faces due to the body images projected by the media. If these young girls are made to understand the difference between, ââ¬Ëimagesââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ërealityââ¬â¢, then they would move away from the concept of body dissatisfaction. To understand the impact of media among the young girls between the ages of 16 to 20, the research methodology that was used was of personal interviews. A personal interview was carried out individual for thirteen girls based in the UK between the said age group. This group was chosen based on the interest that the girls expressed in talking about the issue, and not based on a random criterion. The person al interview
Wednesday, February 5, 2020
Explaining The Process Of Portfolio Management For Stock Funds Research Paper
Explaining The Process Of Portfolio Management For Stock Funds Performance - Research Paper Example Subsequently, as an investor, the third step of portfolio management is asset allocation that is able to make an attempt of satisfying investors' needs and objectives and at the same time, help in making decision regarding the proportion of wealth invested in each major asset categories (Bodie et al., 2005). As an investor, the main aim of asset allocation and investment is capital appreciation. I intend to make sound investment decisions while maintaining a level of moderate risk tolerance in the pursuit of high return. Hence I will define myself as a moderate investor with a risk aversion of 6 (Bodie et al., 2005). Considering my age, I am a young investment with a long investment horizon, hence my investment decisions will be based on less need for immediate liquidity, long term investment need and at the same time be able to tolerate greater risk in the short time. In the macro level, my investment decisions will be affected by the overall economic growth of the country and regio n and at the same time government decisions like Tax concerns and regulatory factors. Therefore, considering the objectives and constraints presented above, I would be better off if investing in risky assets in pursuit of higher returns. With a risk aversion of 6, I would invest my wealth in stocks while allocating remainders to treasury bills. The important elements of my investment portfolio strategy is my current assets, time horizon,à expected return, tolerable losses, and portfolio benchmarks and they are explained below. Current Assets As an investor, the total net assets available is $10,000,000 in assets.à Time Horizon The investment that is intended has one year time horizon.à Overall Portfolio Expected Annual Return As an investors, I expects a portfolio return that isà 5 percentage points above the rate of inflation.à I have arrived at this percentage due to the fact that inflation will vary over time; hence I am using the incremental returnà overà inflat ion as a determinant of whether I am able to meet my goals. As a guideline, here are the real annualà returns (above inflation) that I use:à Large-cap stocks: 6.0% Mid/small-cap stocks: 6.0% International stocks: 7.5%à Bonds: 4.0% By creating a balanced portfolio, I will be able to have a blend of the returns mentioned above based on my asset-allocation mix. Loss Limit as a new investor, I would accept losing not more that 10% in the year of investment. At this rate with my tolerance for risk, I am willing to accept a loss of 10% and if my portfolio falls by more than he prescribed percentage, I will have to re-examine my portfolio and create a new portfolio for investment. Asset Allocation I will set the followingà lower limits, targets, and upper limits for investment in each asset class.à à à Asset Allocation Lower Limit ( % ) Target ( % ) Upper Limit ( % ) Large-cap value stocks 30 25 25 Large-cap growth stocks 25 30 35 Mid/small-cap stocks 20 25 25 Internationa l stocks 25 20 15 By creating the above asset allocation, it is hoped that the portfolio investment will realise positive growth. If not, then the asset allocation will be rebalanced in the investment horizon. Evaluation Benchmarks It is important to evaluate myself by comparing the total return of each stock with its
Tuesday, January 28, 2020
Used In Researching Audiences Media Essay
Used In Researching Audiences Media Essay Methods concentrate on counting and statistics and focus on in-depth analysis of information dissemination. According to Hartley (2002, p. 11), The audience is a construction motivated by the paradigm in which it is imagined, that is to say the different paradigms may cause the location of the audiences role to be disparate. To research on this, various methods are needed. Referring to cultural studies, quantitative and qualitative are two of the most widely used methodologies in the field of audience research; in which, moreover, qualitative methods have been regarded as generally preferable because they place emphasis on cultural meaning (Barker, 2012). Specifically, ethnography and interview are two of the most popular methods which belong to qualitative methods and have been widely used in audience research during 1980s-1990s. This paper will focus on ethnography method and interview method and then critically analyze them by reviewing relevant studies. It will construct by three parts. The first and the second part will lay out the theoretical dimensions separately of these two methods with looking at the advantages and limitations of them by using the leading research projects from 1980s-1990s; for example: Dorothy Hobsons research on housewives with radio and televisionà ¼Ã¢â¬ ºJanice Radways research on women reading the romanceà ¼Ã¢â¬ ºDavid Morley focuses on the Nationwide audience. In part three, these two methods will be compared and contrasted. Ethnography used to be taken in anthropology study primordially, which is a branch of science describing a kind of culture or ethnic groups. Essentially, the ethnography method is a holistic description of cultural membership (Lindlof and Taylor, 2002). Specifically, according to Fetterman (1989), it is a process begin with in-depth and rich investigating, followed by interview, record review, perspectives assessing, exploring the organizational connections, and finally write a report to be published. The characteristics of ethnography can be divided into three aspects: Firstly, it uses the holistic research viewpoint. The ethnographer attempts to describe the culture or the social group through the research of history, religion, politics, economy, and environment; therefore, it emphasizes the contextualization of data (ibid). Similarly, Geertz (1973, p.16) highlights that ethnography is thick description, ethnographers grasp the complexity of social community and culture by using th is thick description and restore audiences interpretation from a small range of textà structure to social and historical environment. Secondly, in this process, ethnographers should keep an open mind, trying not to leave out any information. They do not mind spending several hours even only chatting with interviewees; they do a great deal of observation so that they can truly understand the real lives of audiences via equal communications. With discourse analysis, researchers can trace the social power factors behind the words which interviewees have said. However, this does not mean that researchers can conduct the interview with no explicit objectives; a framework reflects their own intention is still needed to carry on an open style interview, seeking information as much as possible. This issue was pointed out as with an open mind not an empty head by Fetterman (1989, p. 1). Thirdly, fieldwork is the most important factor in designing ethnographic method. Ruddock (2001) states that ethnography is attractive because it is based on naturally occurring data rather than artificial materials. This method requires researchers conduct the fieldwork in a natural environment: entering into the community of audiences instead of sitting in their offices and doing research in written form. It usually involves in-depth observation and investigation of a specific audience group or some cases. As Hammersley and Atkinson(1983cited in Barker, 2000) highlight that, researchers often immerse in the context, they participate in peoples daily life for a long period of time, observing what happens, watching the audiences, listening to their opinions, asking questions, analyzing what people do with media, and how they make sense of it. Above all, using ethnography in audience research compensates for the inadequacies of past studies. Ethnographic audience research had become a trend in the 1980s, and there were several studies becoming classic works afterwards because they have adopted the ethnographic method. In the multiple cases of ethnography studies, Radways research which focuses on women reading the romantic fictions is recognized classic work. Sheà connected the pleasure women felt in reading romantic fiction with the subordinate status of women in the patriarchal family and then investigated them; and she found that the reason why women read romantic fictions was related to evading the pressure of onerous housework. Radway (1984) demonstrates that the women treat reading the romance as a kind of independent declaration; they seek to rebuild their gender subjectivity in utopian fantasy in order to resist patriarchal culture. In early stage, her focus of attention was text analysis, later changed to reception research. At that moment, the content of text was no longer important, but reading itself is the process which establish the meaning and pleasure between text and reader, and the results cannot be predicted by the text itself (Curran, 1991). It seems to be undoubted that Reading the Roman plays a vital role in culture studies, largely due to the important ethnographic finding of cultural consumption it provides. However, some debates challenge this view: methodologist queries about empirical research and epistemology; feminists argue the relationship between feminists and real women; populist question its critical project. Modleski (1986, cited in Wood, 2004, à ©Ã ¡Ã µÃ §Ã à ) accuses Reading the Romance has over liberated the pleasures the women get from reading fictions. Ang (1988, cited in Wood, 2004, à ©Ã ¡Ã µÃ §Ã à ) states that the book does not take the possibilities of pleasure and fantasy seriously enough. Lauren Berlant (1987, cited in Wood, 2004) argues that Radway placed too much emphasis on describing the female identity. Although there are many critics about her study, undeniably, the concept stressing the interacting between diverse disciplines which advocate by Reading the Romance lays a f oundation in cultural studies and is regarded as a leading project for over twenty years, until now it has still been used as a compulsory reading for students to learn. In addition to print media, Dorothy Hobsons research on housewives and the mass media cannot be overlooked. The data is shown in Hobsons unpublished MA dissertation A Study of Working-Class Women at Home: Femininity, Domesticity and Maternity. Through talking with housewives, Hobson (1980, p. 85) found that television and radio are never mentioned as spare-time or leisure activities but are located by the women as integral parts of their day. As for those housewives, television and radio were regarded as the important elements in their daily lives, even their work and rest time were formulated by broadcast. They considered the broadcast programs as a friend and a crucial way for them to contact with outside world and to eliminate loneliness. Based on gender differences the understandings of television can also be divided into two worlds; which means men and women have dissimilar preferences. This study marks the beginning of gender analysis on audience. Turner (1998) explains that Hobson did not take the audiences into the world of an academic researcher, while it was she who participated in their world. She entered into the audiences house, watching soap opera with them, observing and interviewing them during that period. After the programs finished, she used to talk with the audiences in an open type for a long time. She asked the audience to determine what is interesting, what do they like or dislike or what do they concern about in those programs they had watched before. The audiences were encouraged by her to tell the reason why the program is popular or why it is criticized by them. To conclude, both these two studies carried out by Hobson and Radway have great significance in the history of audience research. Hobsons study is the first time that ethnographer study on the female audiences, and it is considered to be the first time in the history that ethnography is truly applied in audience research. The main contribution of this study is that it states the specific meanings of gender in the case of dealing with housework. Radway concurs in and further develops Hosons viewpoint of gender differences; she concerned with the common populaces power in domestic context of consumption. In terms of the method in audience research, using ethnographic method should be a kind of progress or breakthrough because it has opened up an unprecedented field of research. The results of such research are conducted by the researchers personal participant experience. The aim of research changes from a one-sided issue extends to an overall scope of daily life; researchers get out of their offices and enter into common peoples living room experience their real livesà ¢Ã¢â¬ â⠬ à ¢Ã¢â¬ â⠬ at least the visible behavior in their lives. Although this approach is still debatable; however, as Zoonen (1994:146) claims, in terms of the location of the researchers, there is no single truth in the world; the reason why we acknowledge the truth is due to the participation of researchers, they learn to tell us, or to depict detailed map. However, some limitations are still exist in ethnography. First of all, the relationships between researcher and researched is difficult. Due to the fact that people often tell the truth to whom they are familiar with, so it is not easy for researcher to integrate into the community and to gain their trust. Ruddock (2001) notes that it is important to arrange researcher and researched in a relatively equal position. Moreover, ethnography requires researcher to stay with the community for a long period of time; for instance, several months or even two or three years. Therefore it is a time-consuming task; it may take a significant amount of human and material resource. Interview Many researchers have found that interview is a particularly appropriate method to understand the experiences and opinions of researched. Kvale(1996, p. 1) proposes that if you want to know how people understand their world and their life, why not talk with them? As a most widely used method, it has three remarkable characteristics: to begin with, it is ordinarily a one-to-one, face-to-face conversation; it involves individual interaction between researchers and researched. The interaction built by interview is different from those usually found in public lectures, meetings or group discussions. Holstein (2001) suggests the relationship between researcher and researched is like a kind of friendship because of the equal and intimate conversation. Livingstone(2010) points out that interviews adapt the way of research with rather than research on interviewees, it seems to be more personalized and humane. The second and the most important aspect is it is usually deep-going. The questions should not as simple as which magazine do you read? or how often do you read it?, they are much more complicated. It is conducted on the basis of individual matters; for instance, interviewee themselves, cultural knowledge, personal experiences and opinions. Interview is a useful and effective way for researchers, which enables them to investigate the root driver of interviewees certain actions and their interpretations towards different circumstances. Lastly, interview is commonly used in addition to other methods or collaborate with them to collecting data. David Morley uses interview method and applies Stuart Halls (1980) encoding/decoding model (He claimed that a message cannot be regarded as a ball which is passed on one by one simply, it should be understood as a process which the program producer encode it and the audience decode it) to the empirical studies. Morley (1980) researches the BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation) evening news program Nationwide, and the purpose of this study is to test the audiences interpretations of television information and the different understandings related to their social classes or stratums. That is to say, through the Nationwide research, Morley tries to prove the process of meaning generated depends on the TV message and the social structure of the audience. Morley has arranged 29 groups of audiences according to their occupation, each group had 5~10 people. These 29 groups are divided into four types: managers, students, TU officials and shop stewards. Morley made them watch two BBC evening news programs: program A was Nationwide in May 10th, 1976 and program B was a similar program in March 29th, 1977. Then he used focused interview and group interview to investigate the diverse understandings from different groups. Focused interview analyzes some specific situations of the participants, which means to understand their subjective experience, and then get the responses of them. He transformed the entire interview questions from open style to structuring type, such as do you think using the word to describe X is appropriate?'(Morley, 1980). He believes that focused interview conforms to the natural situations, and the more structuring questions can make the topic even more real and natural. Morleys research provided empirical proof for Halls encoding/decoding model and it evoked strong repercussions in the field of mass culture while also incurred a lot of comment. Some scholars think Morleys study is not very successful, because it has not broken away from the traditional empirical study which considered the social backgrounds as variable quantity. Turner (1990) criticizes the research of Morley have several drawbacks: Firstly, the community structure of the participants seems to be too simple dividing into four main categories. Moreover, the participants are not distributed in a natural situation, their interpretation are separated from the typical and real environment of television watching since general people usually watch television in the evening at home. So it is questionable whether their interpretations are reliable. Secondly, as participants are assigned with the people in same social class to watch TV programs, their interpretation can be influenced by other s in the same group; The last defect is in the the connection between television program and audiences; are the viewers willing to watch Nationwide which Morley provide to them? The television content are given by researcher instead of chosen by the audiences themselves, this situation makes the research biased. Morley (1986) also acknowledged that this research has ruined the result because of the rough supposition. Nevertheless, scholars still regard his study as an important turning-point in audience research, he transfers audience research from viewing the structure of text to exploring how the audience deal with the text, and the reformation makes a considerable impact on the development of reading ethnographic method (Moores, 1993). In the same way, Ang(2006) notes that The Nationwide Audience has generally been received as an innovative departure within cultural studies, both theoretically and methodologically. For Morley himself, he has profoundly awarded from the deficiencies and revised methods in his later research to respond to the criticism of this study. In 1986, Morley launched another study of audience research with interview methodFamily Television. In this study, He aimed to find what affect peoples viewing experience, especially the interaction between family dynamics process and television-watching behavior. At first he attempted to study on the family social location and class identification; however, he found that the principle through all the researched family is closely related to gender issue. So he began to study the gender differences impact on the viewing practices. He chose 8 topics and selected 18 households as a sample and the researchers personally entered in these families to interview the family members. The interviews aimed at both parents and children, generally last for one to two hours. In order to leave space for thinking and asking questions, the entire inte rviewed process is not structured. Moreover, due to the presences of other family members, as well as the complicated interview questions, Morley was confident to get to the real interpretation. By using such a participation and observation method with interviews, Morley (1986) learned that the living-room politics heavily impact the family viewing reception so that it resulted in various viewing experiences for different family members. For these empirical differences, Morley recognizes it is not caused by the biological characteristics of men and women; however, it depends on their different social roles in family. For men, family is a leisure field, while it is more likely to be a workplace for women. Since domestic environment is constructed by gender relations, it leads to a variety of viewing experiences. However, Stevenson (2002) maintains that although Morleys study reflects the different patterns of media in constructing social life, such life is actually surpassing the fact of the belief. In other words, Morley tends to overly emphasize the importance of audiences interpretation capacity in ideology. Although there are some criticisms, the contribution of Morleys two studies cannot be ignored. Similarly, As Tuner (1998) points out, Morleys study break through the theoretical model encoding/decoding put forward by Hall (1980), Hall concerned text is the key point of the way that viewers decode the text; however, Morley focused on the social process itself of audience watching television. Turner (1998) confirms that Morleys study directly lead us to attach importance on the social forces which produces audience, reduce attention from text and audience. It stresses more extensive study on practice and discourse of everyday life. In summary, with facing (to) a totally unfamiliar world and objects, comprehensive and detailed descriptions are urgently needed. The holistic view and detailed fieldwork which contained by ethnography is in response to these needs. In other words, ethnography is a detailed report records the entire process and various kinds of approaches for researched. However, as all the other research methods, ethnography has its own limitation which is that not all of the social activities can be measured via participant observation or personal interviews. For instance, ethnography cannot be used to research the events of the past, it only can be carried out at present. In addition, ethnography cannot handle large-scale case study, such as large organizations or the whole country (Hammersley Atkinson, 1983). With mention to interview, it is useful and effective in collecting data, researchers can understand the experiences and perspectives through communicating with researched. Moreover, interv iew is also a good way to make audiences feel equal and relax. However, it is not suitable for all of the audience research. For example, it may not be able to insight into the role of the people or organizations which are outside the world of personal life of interviewees. To conclude, as two of the most popular methods, ethnographic and interview are often used in cultural studies to explore indepth under a particular circumstances. As academic trends which grow out of specific historical context, and with the care of individual subjectivity, cultural studies always pays close attention to powers in practice of cultural phenomenon, constructing audiences as active users of media. It places audience in the social context; therefore it breaks through the empirical audience research successfully. Even though scholars still have some controversy, the paradigm raised by the school of cultural studies really provides a different landscape of the interaction between audience and culture, which firmly establishes the characteristic status in audience research. Reading List: Fetterman, D.M. (1989). Ethnography: step by step. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Hartley, J. 2002. Communication, cultural and media studies: the key concepts. London: Routledge. Barker, C. 2000. Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice. London: SAGE. Lindlof, T.R. Taylor, B.C. 2002. Qualitative Communication Research Methods. California: SAGE. Ruddock, A. 2001. Understanding audiences: Theory and method. London: SAGE. Geertz, C. 1973. The interpretation of cultures. New York : Basic Books. Hobson, D.1980: Housewives and the mass media. In Hall, S (ed.), Culture, Media, Language: Working Papers in Cultural Studies. London: The Academic Division of Unwin Hyman, pp. 85-95 Turner, G. 1998. British cultural studies: An introduction. London: Routledge. Purdie, S. (1992) Janice Radway, Reading the Romance, in M. Barker and A. Beezer (eds) Reading into Cultural Studies, pp. 148-64. London: Routledge. Radway, J. 1986. Identifying Ideological Seams: Mass Culture, Analytic Method, and Political Practice. Communication, 9, pp. 93-123. Wood, H. 2004. What Reading the Romance did for us? European Journal of Cultural Studies, 7(2), pp. 147-154. Zoonen, L.V. 1994. Feminist media studies. London: SAGE. Sonia Livingstone, Giving People a Voice: On the Crticial Role of the Interview in the History of Audience Research, Communication, Culture G. Critique 3 (4, 2010): 566-71 Kvale, S. 1996. Interviews : an introduction to qualitative research interviewing Interviews. London: SAGE. Holstein, J.A. Gubrium, J. F. 2001. Handbook of Interview Research: Context and Method. London: SAGE. Morley, D. (1980).à The Nationwide Audience: Structure and Decoding. London: British Film Institute. Tunner, G. 1990. Audience in British cultural studies. Boston:Unwin Hyman. Morley,D. 1986. Family Television: Cultural Power and Momestic Leisure. London: Comedia. Moores, S. 1993. Interpreting audiences: the ethography of media consumption. London:Sage. Ang, I. 2006: On the politics of empirical audience research. In Durham. M. G (ed.), Media and cultural studies : keyworks. Oxford: Blackwell, pp.174-194. Stevenson, K. 2002. Understanding Media Cultures: Social Theory and Mass Communication. London: SAGE. Hammersley, M. Atkinson, P.(1983). Ethnography: Principles in practice.New York: Tavistock.
Monday, January 20, 2020
The Affordable Care Acts Long Road to Political Reality Essay
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is the first health-care reform to pass Congress that will attempt to provide health insurance to all American citizens. It is not the first time that a health-care reform of this magnitude has been attempted. Previous attempts at health-care reform were not successful. The passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was certain only at the 11th hour after much discussion and compromise between different factions within the government and private sector. President Clinton had argued during his 1992 presidential campaign that health-care reform was needed. At the time, 37 million Americans were without health insurance. He also pointed to the fact that the United States was the only modernized democracy that did not provide universal health-care coverage for its citizens. On September 22, 1993, President Clinton gave his kick-off speech to Congress on his proposed health-care reform. The reform included a mandate for employers to provide health insurance to all employees. These insurance plans would be offered through a regulated marketplace. The proposed reform was considered a great success by Democrats in Congress and in public opinion polls. However, by spring 1994 the proposed reform has been labeled as ââ¬Å"too large, too complex, too costly, and too much government (Pfiffner).â⬠Public opinion, which was fundamental to this legislation, had begun to shift. Although there was public consensus that the United States health-care system needed to be overhauled, there was no consensus on what needed to be done to fix it. The reform, ultimately, did not pass in Congress. Several factors were pointed to as causes for its failure. Along with the complexity... ... References One Hundred Eleventh Congress of the United States of America. (n.d.). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Retrieved 9 12, 2013, from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111hr3590enr/pdf/BILLS-111hr3590enr.pdf Pfiffner, J. P. (n.d.). President Clinton's Health Care Reform Proposals of 1994. Retrieved from http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/documents/President_Clintons_Health_Care_Reform_Proposals.pdf United States Department of Labor. (n.d.). Affordable Care Act. Retrieved 9 12, 2013, from United States Department of Labor: http://www.dol.gov/ebsa/healthreform/ US Department of Health & Human Services. (n.d.). Key Features of the Affordable Care Act By Year. Retrieved 9 12, 2013, from HHS.gov/HealthCare: hhs.gov/healthcare/facts/timeline/timeline-text.html Washington Post. (2010). LandMark. New York: PublicAffairs.
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Form for Summarizing and Evaluating Research Articles Essay
In terms of the social functioning of drug users, Kandel referred to numerous studies that have examined the effect of drug use on social functioning in adolescents and young adults. The author was interested in further examining this topic as it pertains to these individualsââ¬â¢ transitioning into adulthood. Previous studies cited by the author have addressed this topic from the standpoint of how marijuana use affects the age of marriage, but no previous study has looked at child-bearing practices. The author hypothesized that the delinquent behavior found in adolescent drug-users will similarly be found in drug-using parents. In terms of parenting style, Kandel cited studies on three widely-recognized parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive) and studies that examine child-bearing practices of drug users with data collected from clinical settings. The author questioned whether this data will be replicated by studies with general population samples. Evaluation: The literature review of the social functioning of drug users is thorough, and the research questions and hypotheses (both of which are clearly stated) are clearly justified by the literature review. Additionally, the section of literature review devoted to studies of parenting style and drug use is valuable as it cites studies that are more closely related to my own research interests. I question the authorââ¬â¢s use of a three-tiered description of parenting style as a four-tiered model (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful) is more commonly used. Methods: Kandel collected the data from 1,277 people (ages 28-29) she has been following since 1971 (and thus she has amassed considerable information on the history of their drug use). Data was obtained from two-hour long personal interviews with the subjects. Questions were asked about parenting style in relation to the oldest child in their care and about the history of use of 12 different drug classes. Questions about childrenââ¬â¢s behavior and parenting issues were taken from previously issued questionnaires and not designed specifically for this study. Many of the questions about drug use were also taken from previously issued studies. Evaluation: The large sample size and the large body of information about the subjectsââ¬â¢ drug use lend credibility to the study. The results of the study, however, might be skewed as the only people interviewed were the parents. As the parents have a history of drug use, and abuse, I would not implicitly trust all of their responses about parenting style and the behavior of their children. It would have been helpful if, for instance, teachers were interviewed about the behavior of the children implicated in the study. It would also have been appreciated if the author had discussed why the pre-existing questionnaires were chosen. Were these particular questionnaires ones with a proven track-record of statistically reliable results? Are they the most-widely used in the field? Are there any shortcomings of these questionnaires? Results: The study found that the strongest associations between childrearing patterns and child behavior are between parent discipline and child aggression and between parental closeness and child attachment to the parent. The data is broken down by gender of parent, and different results were found for maternal and paternal parenting styles for many of the child behavior patterns. Then, Kandel looked at the data to see patterns between drug involvement and marital/parenting status. Drug users (both current and former) are more likely to be single with no children. Next, she examined the relationship between drug involvement and parenting style and found ââ¬Å"very few statistically significant relationshipsâ⬠(p. 189). Finally, she looked for associations between drug use and the childrenââ¬â¢s behavior, finding that maternal drug use is strongly associated with problems controlling children. Evaluation: Though the tables displaying the statistical analysis of the results provide the number of respondents who fall into the categories being discussed, the text itself contains none of these numbers. For instance, nowhere in the text does the author give the number of drug using mothers. From one of the tables, I found this number to be 166 (a very small sample given the number of participants in the study). Discussion and Conclusions: Kandel was quick to note the limitations of this study and the need for further research to fill these limitations. She also positioned this study and its findings within the framework of previous studies and remarked on the larger implications of her study. Evaluation: The implications of this study can be tied directly to my own research project. Kandel notes that ââ¬Å"conduct problems in childhood and early adolescence are among the most important precursors of adolescent drug involvementâ⬠(p. 192). Overall Assessment of Quality: This is, in general, an average article. The conclusions came directly from the results, the methodology met the demands of the research question, and the research question grew out of the literature review. However, I have some concerns about the discussion of parenting style (only three types of parenting are considered), the unquestioned use of pre-existing questionnaires, and the lack of acknowledgment of ethical issues. Complete Reference: Adalbjarnardottir, S. & Hafsteinsson, L. G. (2001). Adolescentsââ¬â¢ Perceived Parenting Styles and their Substance Use: Concurrent and Longitudinal Analyses. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11 (4), 401-423. Abstract: The concise abstract provides details on the study, the participants, the questions that were asked, the variables, and the findings. This abstract indicates that this article is essential to my research. Evaluation: The abstract is absolutely extraordinary in the amount of detail that is provided in so few words. Introduction: This study developed from previous research in which it was suggested, but not proven, that interpersonal processes (such as parental and peer factors) are effective predictors of substance use. Evaluation: The introductionââ¬â¢s assertion for the necessity of this research is convincing. Literature Review: The authors presented a detailed review of the literature on the following topics: family socialization and tobacco and alcohol consumption, parenting style, and the discrimination of licit and illicit drugs in studies of this nature. They noted an important oversight in previous research: most studies of adolescent substance abuse have focused on single dimensions of parenting style (some studies focus on support, some on control, etc. ). In order to correct this lapse, the authors used Lambornââ¬â¢s four-fold typology of parenting style. The distinction between licit and illicit drugs is germane to this study as cultural perceptions of licit and illicit drug use are omnipresent in Icelandic culture. The three hypotheses of this study are very clearly expressed: ââ¬Å"adolescents from authoritative families would report lower levels of licit drug use,â⬠ââ¬Å"adolescents from neglectful families would report higher levels of licit drug use,â⬠and ââ¬Å"adolescents from neglectful families would report higher use of illicit drugsâ⬠(pp. 405-406). Evaluation: The authors clearly point out areas in which previous research is valuable and areas in which it can be improved upon. Their analyses of prior studies provide clear justification for their own study. The clear development of the research questions and hypotheses from the literature review is reflected in the organization of the article: the introduction and literature review are combined into one section. Methods: An initial sample of 1,293 14-year old students (all native Icelanders, all Lutheran, and all speaking Icelandic as a first language) participated in the study at base-line. 928 of these students participated in a follow-up session three years later. Of these students, 347 could be classified into one of the four family types. These 347 students form the nucleus of the study. The authors chose these 347 students in order to compare the results of the concurrent and longitudinal analyses. Because the authors wanted to ensure that neglectful families were represented in their study, they used passive consent procedures (as opposed to active consent). The students filled in the self-report questionnaire during school hours. The questions asked about cigarette smoking, alcohol use, illicit drug use, parental and peer substance use, socioeconomic status, and parenting styles. The authors used logistic regression analyses to determine whether parenting style (as perceived at age 14) presented a significant risk factor for substance use at the time of the baseline screening as well as three years later. The following variables were considered: gender, socioeconomic status (later considered insignificant), smoking at age 14, drinking at age 14, smoking of parents, drinking of parents, smoking of peers, drinking of peers, parenting style, daily smoking at 17, heavy drinking at 17, and illicit substance abuse. Evaluation: The discussion of methodology is thorough, and the study is well-designed to answer the research questions. The authors gave examples of the types of questions that were asked as well as the choices of answers. The variables are clearly described and defined, and the description of the measurement processes is clear. The authors were quick to answer any potential ethical questions that might arise: they noted that the students were not paid for the study, and they provided a rationale for their use of passive consent procedures. One concern I have is that the authors only considered hashish and amphetamines in their questions about illicit drug use; they did not consider other types of illicit drugs or misuse of prescription medications. Results: The authors used both descriptive data analysis as well as inferential data analysis. In their attrition analysis, the authors found that students who perceived their parents as neglectful were more likely to drop out of the study. The authors cautioned that this might have somewhat skewed the results of their study. The authors found that parenting styles, gender, and peer smoking were indicators of smoking at age 14. Smoking at 14 and parental smoking were the sole indicators of daily smoking at 17. Parenting style and peer drinking were predictive of drinking at 14. Parenting style, peer drinking, and drinking at 14 were associated with heavy drinking at 17. Parenting style, smoking at 14/17, drinking at 14/17, and gender were associated with illicit drug use. Evaluation: The descriptive analysis clearly summarizes the participants and variables. The statistical analyses are appropriate to the research questions and hypotheses. However, as the authors noted, there is a lack of data about 17-year old students with neglectful parents. Discussion and Conclusions: The authors detected a general relation, as expected, between parenting styles and adolescent substance use. Their results support previous research which had suggested that adolescents with authoritative parents were less likely to use substances such as tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs. In some respects, the results of this study differ from previous European and American studies, a fact which led the authors to question the extent to which cultural differences affect adolescent drug use. The authors were careful to note and discuss three limitations of their study: the self-report measures, the method used to assess parenting style, and the attrition rate. Evaluation: One weakness of the discussion section is that the authors do not identify many ways in which this study opens the door to future research. Overall Assessment of Quality: This is a high-quality article that directly bears on the subject of my own research project. The primary strength of this article lies in how well-organized the study was, from the original research questions to the conclusions. The authors noted the limitations, and potential weaknesses, of the study, but their accounting for these factors is satisfactory. My primary concern with the study is that the authors did not draw enough distinction between the types of illicit drug use. This is an area that I will consider in my own study.
Friday, January 3, 2020
Project Management Being A Project Manager - 2403 Words
Veteran s Day Event Project Being a project manager (PM) is complicated and requires a unique set of skills to be able to effectively deliver a project on time and within budget. According to Harrin (2015) some of the needed skills include negotiation, scheduling, cost control, communication, project recovery, coaching, and a sense of humor. The project manager must be able to juggle multiple and sometimes conflicting priorities in order to achieve project success. One tool that can assist the project manager in this objective is the use of Microsoft Project (MSP). With this tool, the project manager can view the status of the project in regards to deliverables, resources, and budget as it progresses its way to completion. The following will describe the steps needed to organize and deliver a successful Veteran s Day event (VDE) at a local business site. 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Initially, we as a team of stakeholders of the project have to prepare a project plan according to the budget and resources available and make schedule on how and when the tasks are going to be executed. Then, we have to manage the team members according to plan and budget. I have to see
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